Crunchyroll Spring 2022 Lineup

Get your watchlist ready for planet-sized amounts of new and upcoming anime with Crunchyroll’s Spring 2022 anime lineup!

New stars emerge with anticipated adaptations of SPY x FAMILY, Shikimori is Not Just a Cutie and The Greatest Demon Lord Is Reborn as a Typical Nobody!

Familiar worlds also return with The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 and Kaguya-Sama: Love is War Ultra Romantic.

And you can always find your way with North Stars like One Piece, Shenmue the Animation and BORUTO: NARUTO NEXT GENERATIONS!

Stay on the lookout as the Spring 2022 horizon expands for even more shows to join the lineup!

Top Titles

SPY x FAMILY

Studio: WIT Studio, Cloverworks

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 8:30am PT

One spy, one assassin and one telepath come together to create a fake family and uphold world peace!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

SPY x FAMILY SUB SPY x FAMILY DUB
Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic-

Studio: A-1 Pictures

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 9:30am PT

More romcom mishaps come to the student council in Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic-!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic- SUB Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic- DUB
- Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic- on YouTube
The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2

Studio: Kinema Citrus, DR MOVIE

Sub Airtime: Wed @ 6:00am PT

Naofumi takes up the shield once again after an ancient creature awakens, said to bring horrific disaster.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 SUB The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 DUB
Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3

Studio: Ajia-do Animation Works

Sub Airtime: Mon @ 11:30am PT

Main returns for a new season of Ascendence of a Bookworm continuing her training as a priestess!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3 SUB Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3 DUB
- Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3 on YouTube
The Ancient Magus’ Bride OAD 2

Studio: Studio Kafka

Sub Airtime: TBA

Chise and Elias continue to uncover the Wild Hunt in the next release of The Ancient Magus' Bride OAD series!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Ancient Magus’ Bride OAD 2 DUB
- The Ancient Magus’ Bride OAD 2 on YouTube
Love After World Domination

Studio: project No.9

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 7:00am PT

Can a forbidden romance survive between one superhero and a minion of a villainous organization!?

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Love After World Domination SUB Love After World Domination DUB
- Love After World Domination on YouTube
The Girl from the Other Side

Studio: Wit Studio

Sub Airtime: Available now! (sub)

After crossing into an unknown world, a young girl and a demon make a new life together.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Girl from the Other Side SUB The Girl from the Other Side DUB
- The Girl from the Other Side on YouTube
Estab Life: Great Escape

Studio: Polygon Pictures

Sub Airtime: Wed @ 4:00pm PT

In a city called "Tokyo" controlled by artificial intelligence, one group seeks to escape to new lands.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Estab Life: Great Escape SUB Estab Life: Great Escape DUB
- Estab Life: Great Escape on YouTube
Shenmue the Animation

Studio: Telecom Animation Film

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 9:00pm PT

Based on the classic video game series, one man sets out to avenge his father after an attack at his family's dojo!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

New Simulcasts

A Couple of Cuckoos

Studio: Shin-Ei Animation, SynergySP

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 11:00am PT

Originally switched at birth, two high schoolers are in for quite the engagement!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

A Couple of Cuckoos SUB A Couple of Cuckoos DUB
- A Couple of Cuckoos on YouTube
Aharen-san wa Hakarenai

Studio: FelixFilm

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 11:15am PT

Follow the "indecipherable" daily lives of two students who form a particular and peculiar friendship.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, CIS and India

Aharen-san wa Hakarenai SUB Aharen-san wa Hakarenai DUB
- Aharen-san wa Hakarenai on YouTube
AMAIM: Warrior at the Borderline

Studio: SUNRISE BEYOND

Sub Airtime: Mon @ 9:00am PT

The rebellion effort continues in the continuation of AMAIM: Warrior at the Borderline!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

AMAIM: Warrior at the Borderline SUB AMAIM: Warrior at the Borderline DUB
Aoashi

Studio: Production I.G

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 5:00am PT

A young soccer star with hidden talent heads to Tokyo to play for a prestigious youth team!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Aoashi SUB Aoashi DUB
- Aoashi on YouTube
Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3

Studio: Ajia-do Animation Works

Sub Airtime: Mon @ 11:30am PT

Main returns for a new season of Ascendence of a Bookworm continuing her training as a priestess!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3 SUB Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3 DUB
- Ascendance of a Bookworm Season 3 on YouTube
BIRDIE WING -Golf Girls’ Story-

Studio: BN Pictures

Sub Airtime: Tues @ 8:00am PT

It's time to tee up with a battle of golfing talents in BIRDIE WING -Golf Girls' Story-!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- BIRDIE WING -Golf Girls’ Story- on Crunchyroll
- BIRDIE WING -Golf Girls’ Story- on YouTube
BUILD-DIVIDE -#FFFFFF- CODE WHITE

Studio: LIDEN FILMS

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 10:00am PT

The card battles of Shin Kyoto continue in the new part of BUILD-DIVIDE series!

Availability: US, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and LATAM
- BUILD-DIVIDE -#FFFFFF- CODE WHITE on Crunchyroll
- BUILD-DIVIDE -#FFFFFF- CODE WHITE on YouTube
Dance Dance Danseur

Studio: MAPPA

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 11:45am PT

This young student will do whatever it takes to become the world's best danseur noble!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Dance Dance Danseur on Crunchyroll
- Dance Dance Danseur on YouTube
Date a Live IV

Studio: Geek Toys

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 6:30am PT

Shido's mission of sealing spirits continues in the upcoming continuation of Date A Live!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe (excluding German-speaking territories), Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, CIS and India

Date a Live IV SUB Date a Live IV DUB
- Date a Live IV on Facebook
- Date a Live IV on YouTube
Deaimon: Recipe for Happiness

Studio: Encourage Films

Sub Airtime: Wed @ 8:30am PT

One man returns home to run his family's confectionery shop and helps train a brand new employee.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Deaimon: Recipe for Happiness on Crunchyroll
Don’t Hurt Me, My Healer!

Studio: Jumondo

Sub Airtime: Sun @ 5:00am PT

The misadventures of a knight and a healer begin in this new fantasy comedy series!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Don’t Hurt Me, My Healer! on Crunchyroll
- Don’t Hurt Me, My Healer! on YouTube
Estab Life: Great Escape

Studio: Polygon Pictures

Sub Airtime: Wed @ 4:00pm PT

In a city called "Tokyo" controlled by artificial intelligence, one group seeks to escape to new lands.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Estab Life: Great Escape SUB Estab Life: Great Escape DUB
- Estab Life: Great Escape on YouTube
Fanfare of Adolescence

Studio: Lay-duce

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 9:00am PT

At a competitive horse racing academy, a group of students train to become the best jockeys.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Fanfare of Adolescence on Crunchyroll
- Fanfare of Adolescence on YouTube
Healer Girl

Studio: Studio 3Hz

Sub Airtime: Mon @ 7:30am PT

A group of girls with special powers use the power of their voices to cure illness and injuries!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Healer Girl on Crunchyroll
Heroines Run the Show

Studio: Lay-Duce

Sub Airtime: Thurs @ 8:00am PT

A high schooler heads to Tokyo and becomes a manager-in-training for a popular idol group!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Heroines Run the Show SUB Heroines Run the Show DUB
- Heroines Run the Show on YouTube
In the Heart of Kunoichi Tsubaki

Studio: CloverWorks

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 9:30am PT

In a remote village where no men are allowed, a young ninja's curiosity gets the better of her.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- In the Heart of Kunoichi Tsubaki on Crunchyroll
- In the Heart of Kunoichi Tsubaki on YouTube
KAGI-NADO Season 2

Studio: LIDENFILMS Kyoto Studio

Sub Airtime: Tues @ 9:00am PT

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- KAGI-NADO Season 2 on Crunchyroll
Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic-

Studio: A-1 Pictures

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 9:30am PT

More romcom mishaps come to the student council in Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic-!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic- SUB Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic- DUB
- Kaguya-sama: Love Is War -Ultra Romantic- on YouTube
Kingdom Season 4

Studio: Studio Pierrot, St.Signpost

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 11:30am PT

The Kingdom series continues, depicting the aftermath of the Coalition Army Arc!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe (excluding French-speaking territories), Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, CIS and India
- Kingdom Season 4 on Crunchyroll
- Kingdom Season 4 on YouTube
Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These – Collision

Studio: Production I.G

Sub Airtime: Thurs @ 4:00pm PT

True enemies are uncovered in the continuation of Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These.

Availability: NA, UK/IRE, ANZ, Nordics and LATAM

Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These – Collision SUB Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These – Collision DUB
LOVE ALL PLAY

Studio: Nippon Animation, OLM

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 3:00am PT

A young badminton star aims to break through to the inter-high tournament!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- LOVE ALL PLAY on Crunchyroll
Love After World Domination

Studio: project No.9

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 7:00am PT

Can a forbidden romance survive between one superhero and a minion of a villainous organization!?

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Love After World Domination SUB Love After World Domination DUB
- Love After World Domination on YouTube
Love Live! Nijigasaki High School Idol Club Season 2

Studio: Bandai Namco Filmworks

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 6:30am PT

(Season 1 also available now!) The Nijigasaki girls return in the newest season of the Love Live franchise!

Availability: Worldwide excluding Asia, French speaking territories (France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Andorra, Monaco, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and New Caledonia), UK, Ireland, and the Isle of Man

Love Live! Nijigasaki High School Idol Club Season 2 SUB Love Live! Nijigasaki High School Idol Club Season 2 DUB
Magia Record: Puella Magi Madoka Magica Side Story Final Season

Studio: Studio SHAFT

Sub Airtime: Available Now!

The magical girls reach the endgame in Magia Record: Puella Magi Madoka Magica Side Story Final Season.

Availability: North America, Latin America (South and Central America including Mexico), Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Europe, MENA and India
- Magia Record: Puella Magi Madoka Magica Side Story Final Season on Crunchyroll
Mahjong Soul Pon☆

Studio: SCOOTER FILMS

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 10:00am PT

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Mahjong Soul Pon☆ on Crunchyroll
Miss Shachiku and the Little Baby Ghost

Studio: project No.9

Sub Airtime: Thurs @ 6:30am PT

An office worker meets a little baby ghost, who attempts to help her work-life balance.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Miss Shachiku and the Little Baby Ghost on Crunchyroll
- Miss Shachiku and the Little Baby Ghost on YouTube
Requiem of the Rose King

Studio: J.C. Staff

Sub Airtime: Sun @ 7:00am PT

Richard faces even more battles as the struggle for the throne rages on.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Requiem of the Rose King SUB Requiem of the Rose King DUB
RPG Real Estate

Studio: Doga Kobo

Sub Airtime: Wed @ 6:30am PT

This real estate company based in an RPG will help find your dream fantasy home!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- RPG Real Estate on Crunchyroll
Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove It r=1-sinθ

Studio: ZERO-G

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 9:45am PT

Two scientists experiment with romance in the second season of Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove It!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove It r=1-sinθ SUB Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove It r=1-sinθ DUB
- Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove It r=1-sinθ on YouTube
Shadowverse Flame

Studio: ZEXCS

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 7:30pm PT

A brand new set of card battles commence in the latest season of Shadowverse!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Shadowverse Flame on Crunchyroll
Shin Ikki Tousen

Studio: Arms

Sub Airtime: TBA

High school girls with the spirits of ancient warriors fight once again in Shin Ikki Tousen!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Shin Ikki Tousen DUB
Shikimori’s Not Just a Cutie

Studio: Doga Kobo

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 11:15am PT

The cool "heartthrob girlfriend" debuts in the upcoming adaptation of Shikimori's Not Just a Cutie!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Shikimori’s Not Just a Cutie SUB Shikimori’s Not Just a Cutie DUB
- Shikimori’s Not Just a Cutie on YouTube
Skeleton Knight in Another World

Studio: Studio KAI, Hornets

Sub Airtime: Thurs @ 7:30am PT

Transported to the world of an MMO, one skeleton knight dons armor to protect the world from evil!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Skeleton Knight in Another World SUB Skeleton Knight in Another World DUB
- Skeleton Knight in Another World on YouTube
Sony Music AnimeSongs ONLINE 2022

Studio: Sony Music Japan

Sub Airtime: Available Now!

Listen to 14 of the top artists from Sony Music Japan sing popular songs from your favorite anime!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Sony Music AnimeSongs ONLINE 2022 on Crunchyroll
SPY x FAMILY

Studio: WIT Studio, Cloverworks

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 8:30am PT

One spy, one assassin and one telepath come together to create a fake family and uphold world peace!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

SPY x FAMILY SUB SPY x FAMILY DUB
The Ancient Magus’ Bride OAD 2

Studio: Studio Kafka

Sub Airtime: TBA

Chise and Elias continue to uncover the Wild Hunt in the next release of The Ancient Magus' Bride OAD series!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Ancient Magus’ Bride OAD 2 DUB
- The Ancient Magus’ Bride OAD 2 on YouTube
The Dawn of the Witch

Studio: Tezuka Productions

Sub Airtime: Thurs @ 11:45am PT

Based in the world of Grimoire of Zero, magic students team up to perfect their skills!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Dawn of the Witch SUB The Dawn of the Witch DUB
- The Dawn of the Witch on YouTube
The Girl from the Other Side

Studio: Wit Studio

Sub Airtime: Available now! (sub)

After crossing into an unknown world, a young girl and a demon make a new life together.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Girl from the Other Side SUB The Girl from the Other Side DUB
- The Girl from the Other Side on YouTube
The Greatest Demon Lord Is Reborn as a Typical Nobody

Studio: SILVER LINK, BLADE

Sub Airtime: Wed @ 5:00am PT

A Demon Lord who wishes to taste defeat reincarnates to become perfectly average.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Greatest Demon Lord Is Reborn as a Typical Nobody SUB The Greatest Demon Lord Is Reborn as a Typical Nobody DUB
- The Greatest Demon Lord Is Reborn as a Typical Nobody on YouTube
THE LAST SUMMONER

Studio: ASK Animation Studio

Sub Airtime: Mon @ 10:00pm PT

A young cook who aims to become the ramen king battles against legendary summoners!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- THE LAST SUMMONER on Crunchyroll
The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2

Studio: Kinema Citrus, DR MOVIE

Sub Airtime: Wed @ 6:00am PT

Naofumi takes up the shield once again after an ancient creature awakens, said to bring horrific disaster.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 SUB The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 DUB
Tomodachi Game

Studio: Okuruto Noboru

Sub Airtime: Tues @ 8:00am PT

Forced to join a debt repayment game, one group of high schoolers test how solid their friendships are.

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Tomodachi Game SUB Tomodachi Game DUB
- Tomodachi Game on YouTube
Trapped in a Dating Sim: The World of Otome Games is Tough for Mobs

Studio: ENGI

Sub Airtime: Sun @ 6:30am PT

One office worker uses their otome game smarts after being reincarnated into a series they've played before!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Trapped in a Dating Sim: The World of Otome Games is Tough for Mobs SUB Trapped in a Dating Sim: The World of Otome Games is Tough for Mobs DUB
Yatogame-chan Kansatsu Nikki 4

Studio: Hayabusa Film

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 5:30am PT

The Nagoya-centric comedy series continues in the fourth season of Yatogame-chan Kansatsu Nikki!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Yatogame-chan Kansatsu Nikki 4 on Crunchyroll

Continuing Simulcasts

BORUTO: NARUTO NEXT GENERATIONS

Studio: Studio Pierrot

Sub Airtime: Sun @ 1:00am PT

Boruto continues his ninja adventures with Team 7 and your favorite ninja from the Hidden Leaf Village!

Availability: Crunchyroll members worldwide ex Japan, and Premium members in French-speaking territories
CASE CLOSED

Studio: TMS Entertainment

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 4:30am PT

Ace teen detective Shinichi Kudo solves cases after becoming trapped in the body of a ten-year-old.

Availability: US and US territories, CA, UK and UK territories, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand
- CASE CLOSED on Crunchyroll
CUE!

Studio: Graphinica, Yumeta Company

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 11:30am PT

16 aspiring voice actors aim to achieve their anime dreams to become seiyuu stars!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- CUE! on Crunchyroll
Delicious Party Pretty Cure

Studio: Toei Animation

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 5:30pm PT

The latest installment in the PreCure franchise continues in Delicious Party Pretty Cure!

Availability: North America, Latin America including the Caribbean, South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
- Delicious Party Pretty Cure on Crunchyroll
Digimon Ghost Game

Studio: Toei Animation

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 7:30pm PT

The latest Digimon story continues with ghosts and holograms entering the mix!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- Digimon Ghost Game on Crunchyroll
- Digimon Ghost Game on YouTube
DRAGON QUEST THE ADVENTURE OF DAI (Fall 22)

Studio: Toei Animation

Sub Airtime: Fri @ 7:00pm PT

Follow Dai and his party in their grand adventure to defeat the demon lord Hadlar!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS
- DRAGON QUEST THE ADVENTURE OF DAI (Fall 22) on Crunchyroll
- DRAGON QUEST THE ADVENTURE OF DAI (Fall 22) on YouTube
ONE PIECE

Studio: Toei Animation

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 7:00pm PT

Luffy and the Straw Hats continue their fight against Kaido and Big Mom on Onigashima!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, MENA, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
Salaryman’s Club

Studio: LIDEN FILMS

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 11:30am PT

They may be salarymen by day, but they also play badminton on the side!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS

Salaryman’s Club SUB Salaryman’s Club DUB
- Salaryman’s Club on YouTube
Shenmue the Animation

Studio: Telecom Animation Film

Sub Airtime: Sat @ 9:00pm PT

Based on the classic video game series, one man sets out to avenge his father after an attack at his family's dojo!

Availability: North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, and CIS